Stock Market ke 10 Important Financial Ratios jo Multi-bagger Stocks Ko Identify Karne Mein Madad Karte Hain😍📈📈
Jab bhi aap stock market mein invest karte hain, kisi bhi stock ka fundamental analysis karte waqt kuch important financial ratios ko dekhna zaroori hota hai.
Ye ratios aapko company ki financial health, performance, aur growth potential ke baare mein ek clear idea dete hain.
Is article mein hum 10 sabse important financial ratios ke baare mein baat karenge jo aapko multi-bagger stocks dhundhne mein help kar sakte hain.
1. Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)
P/E Ratio batata hai ki market kisi company ke earnings ke liye kitna paisa dene ko taiyaar hai.
Formula:
P/E Ratio = Current Market Price / Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Example: Agar kisi stock ka price ₹100 hai aur EPS ₹10 hai, to P/E ratio hoga 10.
Kyun important hai: P/E ratio aapko company ke valuation ka pata lagata hai. Ek high P/E ka matlab ho sakta hai ki stock overvalued hai, aur low P/E ka matlab undervalued stock ho sakta hai.
2. Price to Book Ratio (P/B Ratio)
P/B Ratio batata hai ki kisi stock ka price uski book value ke comparison mein kitna hai.
Formula:
P/B Ratio = Market Price per Share / Book Value per Share
Example: Agar kisi stock ka price ₹150 hai aur book value ₹50 hai, to P/B ratio 3 hoga.
Kyun important hai: P/B ratio se pata chalta hai ki company apni assets ke mukable kahan stand karti hai. Ek low P/B ratio ka matlab hai ki stock undervalued ho sakta hai, jo acchi opportunity ho sakti hai.
3. Debt to Equity Ratio (D/E Ratio)
D/E Ratio se pata chalta hai ki company apne business ko finance karne ke liye kitna debt ka use kar rahi hai aur kitni equity ka.
Formula:
Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Shareholder’s Equity
Example: Agar kisi company ka total debt ₹200 crore hai aur equity ₹100 crore, to D/E ratio 2 hoga.
Kyun important hai: High D/E ratio ka matlab hai ki company bahut zyada debt me hai, jo risk badhata hai. Low D/E ratio waali companies zyada stable aur secure maani jaati hain.
4. Return on Equity (ROE)
ROE batata hai ki company apne shareholders ke paiso se kitna profit kama rahi hai.
Formula:
ROE (Return on Equity) = Net Income / Shareholder’s Equity
Example: Agar kisi company ka net income ₹50 crore hai aur equity ₹200 crore, to ROE 25% hoga.
Kyun important hai: ROE jitna zyada hoga, utna hi better. Ye shareholders ke returns ko represent karta hai.
5. Return on Assets (ROA)
ROA se pata chalta hai ki company apne total assets se kitna profit generate kar rahi hai.
Formula:
ROA (Return on Assets) = Net Income / Total Assets
Example: Agar kisi company ka net income ₹20 crore hai aur total assets ₹200 crore, to ROA 10% hoga.
Kyun important hai: ROA company ki efficiency ko measure karta hai. High ROA ka matlab hai company apne resources ko effectively use kar rahi hai.
6. Current Ratio
Current Ratio batata hai ki company apne short-term liabilities ko kitna easily pay kar sakti hai.
Formula:
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Example: Agar kisi company ke current assets ₹300 crore hai aur current liabilities ₹150 crore, to current ratio 2 hoga.
Kyun important hai: Ek current ratio 1 se zyada hona chahiye, jisse pata chale ki company ke paas sufficient assets hain apni liabilities ko cover karne ke liye.
7. Earnings Per Share (EPS)
EPS batata hai ki company apne ek share par kitna profit kama rahi hai.
Formula:
EPS (Earnings Per Share) = (Net Income – Preferred Dividends) / Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
Example: Agar company ka net income ₹100 crore hai aur outstanding shares 10 crore hain, to EPS ₹10 hoga.
Kyun important hai: EPS shareholders ke liye ek important metric hota hai jo unhe company ke profitability ke baare mein batata hai.
8. Dividend Yield
Dividend Yield batata hai ki aapke investment ke mukable kitna return aapko dividend ke form mein mil raha hai.
Formula:
Dividend Yield = Annual Dividend per Share / Market Price per Share
Example: Agar kisi company ka annual dividend ₹5 hai aur share price ₹100, to dividend yield 5% hoga.
Kyun important hai: Ye investors ke liye ek steady income source ko dikhata hai aur ye stock ke attractiveness ko badhata hai.
9. Price to Sales Ratio (P/S Ratio)
P/S Ratio batata hai ki market company ke revenue ke mukable kitni value assign kar raha hai.
Formula:
P/S Ratio (Price to Sales) = Market Capitalization / Total Sales
Example: Agar kisi company ka market cap ₹500 crore hai aur sales ₹250 crore, to P/S ratio 2 hoga.
Kyun important hai: P/S ratio low ho to company undervalued ho sakti hai, aur high P/S ratio ka matlab overvaluation bhi ho sakta hai.
10. Interest Coverage Ratio
Interest Coverage Ratio se pata chalta hai ki company apne interest payments ko kitna easily cover kar sakti hai.
Formula:
Interest Coverage Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense
Example: Agar kisi company ka EBIT ₹200 crore hai aur interest expense ₹50 crore, to interest coverage ratio 4 hoga.
Kyun important hai: High interest coverage ratio ka matlab hai ki company apne debt ke interest ko easily manage kar sakti hai, jo stability dikhata hai.
इनके अलावा 10 और Important Financial ratios
In 10 key financial ratios ke alava bhi kuch aur important ratios hote hain jo kisi company ki financial health ko aur achhe se samajhne mein madad karte hain. Yadi aap multi-bagger stocks ko identify karne ke liye comprehensive analysis karna chahte hain, to in additional ratios ko bhi dekhna chahiye:
1. Operating Profit Margin (OPM)
Operating Profit Margin batata hai ki company apne total revenue se kitna operating profit generate karti hai.
Formula:
Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit / Net Sales
Kyun important hai: Ye ratio company ki efficiency ko dikhata hai. High OPM ka matlab hai ki company apne core operations se zyada profit kama rahi hai.
2. Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit Margin se pata chalta hai ki company apne sales se kitna gross profit earn kar rahi hai, yaani sales ke baad bachne wala paisa kitna hai.
Formula:
Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Net Sales
Kyun important hai: Ye company ki cost efficiency ko measure karta hai. High gross margin batata hai ki company apni raw material costs ko achhe se manage kar rahi hai.
3. Asset Turnover Ratio
Asset Turnover Ratio batata hai ki company apne total assets ka kitna effectively use karke revenue generate kar rahi hai.
Formula:
Asset Turnover Ratio = Net Sales / Total Assets
Kyun important hai: Ye company ki operational efficiency ko measure karta hai. High asset turnover ratio ka matlab hai ki company apne assets ka zyada acche se use kar rahi hai.
4. Cash Conversion Cycle (CCC)
CCC batata hai ki company ko apne inventory ko cash mein convert karne mein kitna time lagta hai.
Formula:
CCC = Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) + Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) – Days Payable Outstanding (DPO)
Kyun important hai: Low CCC ka matlab hai ki company apne inventory aur receivables ko jaldi cash mein convert kar rahi hai, jo liquidity ke liye accha signal hai.
5. Free Cash Flow (FCF)
Free Cash Flow wo paisa hai jo company apne operating expenses aur capital expenditures ke baad apne paas bachaati hai.
Kyun important hai: FCF ka hona is baat ka indication hai ki company ke paas expansion ya dividends ke liye cash available hai. Ye ek strong indicator hai company ke financial health ka.
6. Dividend Payout Ratio
Dividend Payout Ratio se pata chalta hai ki company apne total earnings ka kitna part dividend ke roop mein distribute kar rahi hai.
Formula:
Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividends Paid / Net Income
Kyun important hai: Ye ratio investors ko signal deta hai ki company apne profits ka kitna hissa shareholders ke saath share kar rahi hai. High payout ratio ka matlab hai ki company investors ko regular income dene mein interested hai.
7. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
ROCE batata hai ki company apne capital ko kitna efficiently use kar rahi hai overall returns generate karne ke liye.
Formula:
ROCE (Return on Capital Employed) = EBIT / Capital Employed
Kyun important hai: ROCE ek holistic measure hai jo debt aur equity dono ke returns ko consider karta hai. High ROCE ka matlab hai ki company efficiently capital use kar rahi hai.
8. Net Profit Margin
Net Profit Margin batata hai ki company apne total revenue se kitna net profit bana rahi hai.
Formula:
Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Total Revenue
Kyun important hai: Ye ratio company ki profitability ka final measure hota hai. High net profit margin dikhata hai ki company efficiently apni costs ko control kar ke profit bana rahi hai.
9. Interest Coverage Ratio
Is ratio ka ek alternative measure hota hai jo company ke operating income aur interest obligations ke beech ki stability ko dikhata hai.
Formula:
Interest Coverage Ratio (Alternate) = Operating Income / Interest Expense
Kyun important hai: High interest coverage ka matlab hai ki company easily apne interest payments manage kar sakti hai, jo debt ki sustainability ke liye zaroori hai.
10. Retention Ratio (Plowback Ratio)
Retention Ratio batata hai ki company apne earnings ka kitna part future growth ke liye retain kar rahi hai.
Formula:
Retention Ratio = 1 – Dividend Payout Ratio
Kyun important hai: High retention ratio ka matlab hai ki company apne growth ke liye zyada funds retain kar rahi hai, jo long-term mein growth ke liye accha signal hai.
CONCLUSION
Ye sabhi financial ratios aapko kisi bhi company ki financial health aur growth potential ko assess karne mein madad karte hain.
Agar aap kisi stock mein invest karne se pehle in sab ratios ka analysis karte hain, to aap better decisions le sakte hain aur multi-bagger stocks dhundh sakte hain. Fundamental analysis ke saath, market trends aur company ke business model ko bhi dekhna zaroori hota hai.
